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I am citing from a paper which confused the word "affective" and "affectionate", what should I do?

I understand that with minor spelling mistakes you use [sic] or just [brackets]. However, in this case, I think the author accidentally wrote the wrong word. It looks odd to write affect[ionat]e and ...
Ali's user avatar
  • 1
2 votes
1 answer
133 views

How would you characterize or cite common social media posts?

I am investigating a complaint that comes up on social media "often" for a particular institution. The complaint is about a particular type of bad interaction with the institution. I could ...
Liam's user avatar
  • 21
8 votes
1 answer
4k views

Is "e.g." ever needed in parenthetical citations?

It seems to me that "e.g." is rarely needed in parenthetical citations because readers assume that the works listed are examples taken from all works on the topic. For example: "This ...
Eggy's user avatar
  • 2,111
1 vote
1 answer
237 views

What expression to use when citing a publication for a result bordering one, oneself seeks to publish? (replicate, corroborate, in line with)

The specific reason for citing/referencing a publication may accompany an expression signifying that. One broad reason is empirical results (other broad reasons are theoretical ideas, methodological ...
Johan's user avatar
  • 135
2 votes
3 answers
247 views

No quotation marks/citation needed for common expressions/language or for using texts as a model?

This might be a stupid question, but I am asking as a non-native English speaker. Given that we all (even native speakers) will get our English expressions from somewhere, I am wondering when a ...
Fukaru23512's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
46 views

How to properly add attribution to a paraphrased list?

This question is similar to this one, however in my case, I have paraphrased the list of the original work. I'm paraphrasing a list of a paper like this A five-step model is proposed in [123]: (...
Lennart's user avatar
  • 135
9 votes
3 answers
2k views

Why is it that sometimes in bibliography, DOI information is added?

When I'm casually browsing through bibliography section of preprints, sometimes I find that an author will also include the DOI information in the citation. For example, I just picked a random Arxiv ...
Fraïssé's user avatar
  • 11.6k
2 votes
1 answer
146 views

Consecutive sentence citation in Chicago date-author style

I am writing a paper in which I repeat a newspaper article citation. "The New York Times article discusses the introduction of the AFB mainframe computer (Stevens, 1984). During an interview with ...
DmnkVD's user avatar
  • 21
10 votes
2 answers
1k views

How to include both acronym/abbreviation and citation for a technical term in the same sentence

I'm having a hard time with a writing issue. I'm trying to write a paper on time-frequency transforms. These typically have a well-known abbreviation/acronym, and also a reference for their origin, e....
Sevag's user avatar
  • 203
6 votes
2 answers
401 views

Suitable citation style for dealing with many de-identified sources, interviews and personal correspondence?

Background: I am writing a paper analysing various organisations that I need to de-identify. For my analysis I need to cite three types of sources: Publicly available published works that identify ...
user2351418's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
375 views

Where should I place the citation in this sentence?

I have the following sentence, where the citation refers to the first part of the sentence. Because of how it appears in the formatting of my paper, and how it reads, I would like to have the citation ...
John's user avatar
  • 39
2 votes
2 answers
134 views

Writing style when discussing other people's research in discussion/introduction

I was editing a friend's manuscript and I noticed that they do something similar to what I have been told not to do when referring to previous work done in the field of interest being discussed. I ...
watermineporcupine's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
137 views

Is it bad-practice to have a high citation to content ratio in academic writing? [duplicate]

I'm writing a high school history textbook. While writing my book, I'm finding its becoming very heavily laden with sources. If I used Turabian's footnote style, they tend to fill half the page. ...
Village's user avatar
  • 12.6k
6 votes
3 answers
25k views

How to cite self-created images or pictures in thesis

When we put some images in a thesis, we provide a reference to its source where it’s located. If I have created my own images or pictures, how do I make it clear that they are my images and I did not ...
Jonny_G's user avatar
  • 225
1 vote
1 answer
1k views

Can I use an Encyclopedia as a reference in an essay?

I am writing a paper that is about another culture. I need to include references about the culture in my paper. Is an encyclopedia an acceptable source for general information about the culture (...
Audrey 's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
108 views

To what extent should relevant background be discussed vs. just referenced?

Is is perfectly appropriate to refer reviewers to other papers for understanding a concept or writer must include the concept in his paper too? What should be done while keeping brevity, plagiarism ...
foobar's user avatar
  • 1,019
1 vote
1 answer
404 views

How do I properly cite a research paper?

I know this question already has a similar answer but, please bear with me. I am writing my thesis and I realize there are cases I do not know how to properly cite, as illustrated in the following ...
user avatar
5 votes
3 answers
247 views

Placement of numerical references (“[1]”)

I kind of struggle with my students. I always told them to put the reference number (identification) close to the cited object - to make really clear what is the cited object. For example: The ...
matousc's user avatar
  • 833
12 votes
1 answer
4k views

What is the Latin term "pace" used for when referencing other scholars?

I frequently come across references to other scholars like: In period P, syntactic construct C did not have function F (pace Smith 2000). I understand that pace here signals that Smith (2000) ...
user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
3k views

What's the proper way to (APA) reference a settlement agreement?

I want to reference an exhibit from the following document (it's been split into separate parts): Exhibits: https://targetbreachsettlement.com/Portals/0/Documents/Settlement%20Agreement%20Exhibits....
voices's user avatar
  • 519
5 votes
6 answers
746 views

What's an appropriate phrasing of a caveat about self-citation?

I'm writing some report, and at a certain point I give an example by citation. The citation format is such that you don't see any names (e.g. "[123]") without visiting the bibliography; or ...
einpoklum's user avatar
  • 40.8k
3 votes
1 answer
607 views

References must be cited vs. need not be cited

In reviewing publishing guidelines prior to submission to a journal, it is listed that "References need not be cited in text." This is also listed in the style guide for the associated professional ...
B. Rachunok's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
34k views

Do I need to cite a source when defining terms?

In my research paper, I have set aside space to define terms (each having a bullet point). My confusion is how I go about defining these terms. Do I quote a dictionary, another research paper in the ...
KappaKone TV's user avatar
17 votes
4 answers
6k views

Is a citation typically considered plural or singular in academia?

My question parallels that of https://english.stackexchange.com/q/99886/117318, which asks whether "Gamma et al." should be considered singular or plural for verb conjugation. The top and accepted ...
jvriesem's user avatar
  • 5,147
3 votes
1 answer
164 views

Citations when mixing of factual evidence and interpretation in one sentence

I have a bit of a technical question about constructing narrative while writing as a historian (I guess it also applies to other humanities). This never really occurred to me as an issue during ...
LHistorien1985's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
4k views

How to cite a figure that has been already modified from another source?

I am wondering how to cite a figure that has already been modified from another source. Normally one should get the original figure from the original source, but there are cases when that is not ...
jibo's user avatar
  • 195
34 votes
7 answers
8k views

Is it accepted to refer to your own published result by your own name?

Assume that Jane Doe has published a paper in 2010 where she has developed a model or a theorem or a similar result, let’s say, that it relates to growth. Now assume that Jane Doe is writing another ...
user56834's user avatar
  • 2,349
4 votes
1 answer
477 views

Attributing Second-order Citations

Imagine that a paper by [Author A] has pulled together some literature on the misuse of a technology in context X. I now want to talk about misuse of the same technology but in context Y. When ...
Dr. Thomas C. King's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
697 views

How can I point the reader of my report to another source for background information?

In my report I introduce a topic that is good background information for my report but not crucial. To try and shorten the length of my report, rather than summarizing another paper I'd like to leave ...
zach's user avatar
  • 123
18 votes
3 answers
7k views

What is a 'classic paper', and when do we refer to a work as a 'classic work'?

I have come across a few times in research papers or in books, where the authors refer a past (mostly an old) research paper as classic paper. For example, in a book Bratko refers the following: ...
Coder's user avatar
  • 13.1k
2 votes
3 answers
789 views

Using reference as a subject in writing [duplicate]

Is it acceptable to use references as a subject in a sentence (in the context of academic writing, preferably in computer science)? For example: An extensive research has been done on eye capture ...
the-lay's user avatar
  • 123
34 votes
3 answers
6k views

Citing two authors with the same surname – is it worth noting that they are distinct people?

In the paper I am currently writing I cite works by Bill Smith and Fred Smith. I refer to them both several times, as several of Bill Smith’s papers provide the basis for some of the techniques I am ...
Frames Catherine White's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
137 views

Is it good style to create http links in a B.Sc. project?

We are two students in computer science doing our term project for B.Sc. in computer science. Now I wonder if it is alright or advisable to make inline hyperlinks in the report e.g. We look at ...
Niklas Rosencrantz's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
153 views

Does citation refer to paper or authors?

I imagine this question is asked before, but I could not find the answer. This is the example sentence that got me wondering: Gneiting and Ranjan (2013) generalize/generalizes these findings and ...
Andreas Malmgård's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
3k views

IEEE Referencing: Same source, different page numbers

I'm fairly new to IEEE referencing and have a slight dilemma. If I'm going to be citing the same paper twice in my writing but want to cite specific pages of it, do I include the source twice in the ...
Toby Cannon's user avatar
3 votes
4 answers
10k views

How to add a citation to a sentence that has parentheses at the end?

How can I add a author-date citation to a sentence that ends with parentheses? That can occur when using parenthetical remarks or when an abbreviation is introduced: However, methane has a higher ...
n1000's user avatar
  • 1,155
18 votes
2 answers
1k views

Conjugation: Do we cite authors or papers?

When referencing to another work in a scientific paper, do we cite the paper or its author(s)? This question is intended to clarify the conjugation of the verb that follows the reference -- ...
ebosi's user avatar
  • 2,690
6 votes
2 answers
256 views

Citing a passage which includes added words by the translator?

I have the translation of a work in front of me and want to quote it. The translation reads: "This is the right decision, and yet it is the wrong [one]" The translator added the 'one' in brackets ...
Matthias Neumann's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
478 views

Uncited general claims followed by cited specific claims – is this an accepted writing style?

I’m currently reviewing a paper and thought it may be good to consult more people on this issue. I’m wondering where exactly should we include citations in article main text (in a science/psychology ...
puslet88's user avatar
  • 579
1 vote
1 answer
8k views

Should I use ‘adapted from’ in an illustration of conclusions based on the results of others

Suppose, you cite some particular ideas, analyze them, and come up with a few conclusions, which you illustrate in a figure that is totally yours. The labels or conclusions represented in the ...
R. AS.'s user avatar
  • 1,123
2 votes
2 answers
2k views

Citation and reference to a figure: which comes first?

This may be a bit of hair-splitting, but maybe there is a proper way to do this: In my thesis I present an external application. I want to give a literature reference to the application and a ...
beta's user avatar
  • 918
0 votes
1 answer
104 views

Citing the same idea in different studies

Say like you have an idea that says: 'X is a cheap alternative to Y' (Smith 2010, p. 2). Now you write a paper about ABC and paraphrase Smith's idea. Next week, you write another paper which happens ...
R. AS.'s user avatar
  • 1,123
1 vote
2 answers
127 views

Unsure of Convention for In-Text Citations

I'm writing a longer paper for a course as part of a final project. The paper is on a topic we didn't cover in class and is obviously intended as a way to let me teach myself something we didn't have ...
Ecclesiastic's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
342 views

Citation policies: original papers or recent monographs?

When referencing previous results, should one cite the original paper(s) or a recent comprehensive monograph? Specifically, in my area of interest (a relatively recent branch of mathematics), in ...
user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
494 views

Block-quoting a list: where to put the citation?

Suppose I write something like this Jones categorises things as follows: little things big things medium-size things ... where the entire list is a verbatim quotation from Jones. ...
mhwombat's user avatar
  • 11.6k
0 votes
3 answers
71 views

should I put this information into the reference section or within the text?

I am making an article about Information Technology, mainly related to policies, and I have a list of some solution providers with their proposals; something like this: Vendor1, Proposal related to......
Layla's user avatar
  • 8,787
4 votes
1 answer
2k views

How to formally report database literature search results?

Years ago, I seen an interesting article that made reference to database search results. The author run a few queries through PubMed and reported on the number of records. This was a neat introduction ...
Konrad's user avatar
  • 143
2 votes
2 answers
119 views

What tense to use when referring to self publication in a monograph chapter?

I have a question regarding what tense form should I use to refer to an earlier self publication in a monograph chapter. For example, if I want to say (in the chapter), "most of the results were ...
user avatar