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A big publisher has a brief (and somewhat vague) rule for all its journals, although to the best of my knowledge it doesn't do anything to enforce it. Note the 'or' as opposed to the 'and' given in an …

By submitting your work to highly ranked, prestigious journals, you are typically confronting it with the strictest scrutiny and highest standards in the profession. You also accept that the novelty o …

For the case of the "forgotten" reference to previous similar work, I'd say you should assume good faith: maybe they just missed it. If it's not plagiarized then it's not really fraudulent. Re-discove …

No, there are no ethical issues. There is nothing unethical neither in keeping it confidential until you are officially admitted at University Y (and I think it's advisable). The only not-so-good thi …

No, there are no ethical concerns, as long as whoever you hire is given the appropriate credit for the work she/he did. There are economic reasons why this situation is unlikely to be fruitful, but …

There is a situation in which the exact situation described in the title regularly happened and (most likely) still happens: military research. There are multiple example of knowledge acquired by the …

Citations have only one practical purpose: indicating to your readers where they can find the published material on which you built the work that's described in your paper (methods you used, hypothese …

I value the reputation of the journals to which I submit articles. Mostly, I wish to confront my work with the most competent researchers in my field through peer review, in order to have an expert op …

The professor is free to decide to reuse questions from previous exams. It's a bit sloppy, but it's her business. She can't forbid students from learning the answers by heart, she would have no ways o …

Suppose I have devised a way to cheat at cards, exams or any other situation in which secret communication with other people or machines provides unfair advantage. The method is novel and uses origina …

I think generally cheating, while certainly despicable, is a sufficiently marginal activity that it's difficult to argue for investing much money and efforts to fight it. Much of it can be detected or …

Your situation is certainly very bad, but a conflict of interest in the context of academic research is when personal interests are at stake when reporting research results (e.g. wife owns the company …

Yes, it's appropriate. As far as I know, it's also rare. Editors usually rely on the reviewer's evaluations but nothing prevents them from giving their own review.

I can think of multiple sane reasons not to publicly state romantic or marital involvement with a fellow researcher. There surely is no obligation to do otherwise. Now, in the situation you described …

It's completely inappropriate. If a postdoc is an employee, there most certainly is a contract with a job description that, for sure, does not include babysitting. If a postdoc is funded with a per …