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Kamiruzzaman is my name. Although the last five letters zaman are typically used as a surname, my academic records all use the name Kamiruzzaman. However, I've been having trouble lately submitting research articles to various journals because they require my first and last names, mandatorily — I don't know how to respond.

I'm considering separating Kamiruzzaman into Kamiruz and Zaman as respective first and last names. Would it be an issue if I kept this separation for all of my research articles because my academic certifications will bear the name Kamiruzzaman?

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    Falsehoods programmers believe about names (apparently, journal editors too)
    – gerrit
    Commented Nov 12 at 8:34
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    What about "Kamiruzzaman Zaman"? Commented Nov 12 at 13:46
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    @CaptainEmacs: It's also common to use NLN (no last name) as an entry in such systems, since many systems won't tolerate a non-text placeholder entry. Either approach seems more likely to cause future headaches than the advice offered in answers (hence why this is not posted as an answer).
    – Brian
    Commented Nov 12 at 18:55
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    If it feels right to you you could consider making up a first name and listing Kamiruzzaman as your last name. This has the advantage that you'll be cited as (Kamiruzzaman, 2024), and you're unlikely to get confused with other people called Zaman.
    – N. Virgo
    Commented Nov 12 at 21:51
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    @JFabianMeier A version with examples. How to deal with it? Programming a form with less input restrictions is less work than more input restrictions. But this becomes off-topic on Academia.SE.
    – gerrit
    Commented Nov 13 at 16:19

5 Answers 5

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You can use any name for publication purposes that you like as long as it doesn't involve fraud or misrepresentation. You can't be Albert Einstein unless you have some actual claim on that name.

Your solution of splitting your name into two parts is fine, but you should also get an ORCID identifier and use it and your name choice consistently throughout your career.

There are too many issues about names, mostly driven by incorrect assumptions, to list. The assumption, is that people have exactly three names and the given name is listed first, the family name last, and the one in the middle optional. This is globally false, but too many systems are built that way. Go to Hungary, or most places in Asia, or places where some fraction of the population has many, many separate "words" in a name, including honorifics. My spouse's "first" name is two words. In the old days, before computer algorithms messed it up this was not a problem. Her birth certificate and her passport correctly give her name, which has four separate words. But every other computerized system, even doctor's offices tend to get it wrong.

Ideally, your name should be presented as you choose to present it (with some restrictions, perhaps). That is to say, that systems should be designed to permit your publication name to be Kamiruzzaman if you choose that.

People change their names, also. This can be a problem for academics, just as "non standard" names are. I have some interest in changing my own IRL name (back to my birth name) but can't/won't for various personal and professional reasons.

I think there are lots of people in the world that have a single name and, within their culture, it is perfectly normal. Even some show business superstars have taken to using a single name.

But an ORCID, tagged to any publication will point to you. And you can provide, on a website, the linkage between your "publication name" and your IRL name if you like.

I think this problem will continue until those sites requesting names and intending to later display them, ask the individual for specific guidance (tags, perhaps) to guide the system. Imagine that "John Doe" is actually "family-name(John), given-name(Doe)".

I've also just noticed that there isn't even a universal agreement about how to "capitalize" names, assuming even that such is a meaningful question. bel hooks, for example, though that was a personally chosen pen name.

For a view of the complexity in naming see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name

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    This so much! Even with a classic western name I was stunned how many systems are utterly incapable of handling a change of family name. An ORCID is absolutely worth the minor effort it takes to set up. Commented Nov 12 at 14:38
  • Just a note: Even the assumption many would have, that having a single name is a non-western or “exotic” thing, is wrong. Most European rulers had and have one single name, such as Queen Elizabeth.
    – Neinstein
    Commented Nov 13 at 0:02
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    @rexkogitans Nitpick. Queen Elizabeth II had three forenames (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) and one surname (Windsor): see her death certificate en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/… Commented Nov 13 at 9:16
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    @erstwhileeditor (I am not sure, but) I am afraid that the surname on her death certificate is an example where a "falsehood of programmers" got materialized. Commented Nov 13 at 10:00
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    @rexkogitans AIUI "Windsor" is the royal families' surname/family name. It used to be "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" but was changed after the first world war because of anti-German sentiment in the U.K. at the time. It is arguably closer to conforming to the "falsehood of programmers" now than it was at the time. Their names (excluding titles) are fairly canonical for the U.K. (having more than one middle name is not that unusual, e.g. Mrs Marsupial). Commented Nov 13 at 12:25
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I’m a researcher with a single name, so here’s my approach. My full name is “Harshvardhan,” and I don’t have a last name on any legal documents. For publications, I use the name “M Harshvardhan”—though technically, I could choose anything reasonable. I put my name as the last name so that it can be cited as Harshvardhan et al. (20xx) if needed. I also attach my ORCID to all publications whenever possible.

I’ve noticed that Google Scholar sometimes doesn’t pick up my articles automatically, but this isn’t an issue as I can manually add them. I also have a post on my website explaining this situation in detail. When asked, I usually give a one-line explanation (“I don’t have a last name”) and share the link to my blog. So far, this approach has worked smoothly in academic circles.

Another tip: on Google Scholar, you have the option to say multiple names. Utilize that to add your publication name as well. Here's mine for example: GoogleScholar

For government documents, however, things can vary. For example, my EU visa lists my name as “Harshvardhan Harshvardhan,” while in the U.S., it appears as “FNU Harshvardhan.” For official documents, it’s essential to follow each country’s guidelines, which you can ask/search beforehand. But for academic publications, you can choose a format and stick with it throughout your career.

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    FNU is an abbreviation used by the U.S. government system. It means "First Name Unknown". See for example uk.usembassy.gov/visas/visa-errors/name-appears-as-fnu Commented Nov 14 at 9:19
  • How did you choose "M"? Just curious. Commented Nov 15 at 14:50
  • M is the first letter of my family name. Commented Nov 15 at 15:49
  • @Harshvardhan If you have a family name, why do you say your full name is only "Harshvardhan"? I'm genuinely curious because I definitely don't claim to know how every naming system works. Commented Nov 15 at 20:04
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    @Azor Ahai -him In the interest of brevity, I'll suggest checking the blogpost where I answer it in detail! arc.net/l/quote/yqvbqper Commented Nov 17 at 2:09
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'Kamiruz Zaman' should be fine. It is best to publish only under that one name. If there are no papers by 'Kamiruzzaman', then there will be no confusion for references. It will be unimportant that your academic credential reads 'Kamiruzzaman'

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If you can present your name in a format that is both recognised by the system and relatively consistent with your academic records then you should be fine. It will be obvious to any human looking at your records that the name Kamiruzzaman is the same as the name Kamiruz Zaman.

Many people end up with their name formatted slightly differently between different journals anyway - for example using a middle initial which is sometimes expanded into the full name.

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    An automated search however might be unlikely to turn up a paper if the search was for "Zaman".
    – Buffy
    Commented Nov 12 at 13:10
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    It will be obvious to any human looking at your records that the name Kamiruzzaman is the same as the name Kamiruz Zaman. [citation needed]
    – WoJ
    Commented Nov 13 at 19:15
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    @WoJ i argue that it is not, in fact, obvious even to humans. it is very common for me to stumble on articles with this exact issue, and where i can't be certain that this is what's happening. I of course suspect it is, but it could also be a coincidence. Commented Nov 14 at 10:26
  • Fair points! I meant more in the context of when you need to show your academic credentials to someone in particular - e.g. in the context of a job application - it is a small enough change that it's obviously the same name when you explain it. In comparison to someone like me who has changed their first name by deed poll and needs to produce additional documents to prove I'm the same person.
    – deee
    Commented Nov 14 at 10:41
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You can use "NFN" as your first name, it stands for "No First Name". Teller, of the magic duo Penn & Teller, uses this as his first name on official government documents like his driver's license.

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    Actually, with a single name there is a question as to whether it is the "first" or "last" name that is missing. And, of course "first" and "last" has no universal meaning.
    – Buffy
    Commented Nov 13 at 16:12
  • I think it's simply a common convention to treat single names as surnames (which is the generic term that avoids "first" and "last" issues).
    – Barmar
    Commented Nov 13 at 16:14
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    Somehow I doubt that. It would mean that siblings would have different surnames.
    – Buffy
    Commented Nov 13 at 16:17
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    That is a different idea. Many conventions use something like a gender indicating suffix. But even in those cultures brothers, then, would have different "surnames". Likewise sisters.
    – Buffy
    Commented Nov 13 at 16:23
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    @Barmar The male and female surnames differ in many Slavic languages and also in Icelandic. As Buffy mentioned, these suffixes are gender-indicative. While the root of the surnames remains the same, the suffix changes to reflect gender. Therefore, they are considered the same surname, even though they are not the same word. Commented Nov 14 at 9:49

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