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In terms of salary: in my experience [mathematics, US], postdoc salaries are specified at the beginning for the entire length of the job. They do not include annual raises, cost of living increases, and so forth, and it is rather rare to negotiate for them. For instance, in my department our standard (nine month) postdoctoral salary is $45,000. It has been this amount for many years, and the fact that it is not very competitive anymore has not been enough incentive for the administration to change it. We also have another type of postdoc with summer support that can pay $55,000 annually. This latter salary is mandated by a five year NSF grant. It will be the same unless / until we get a new grant (or an updated version of the same).

In terms of salary: in my experience [mathematics, US], postdoc salaries are rather flat across the period of employment.   (I previously had more detailed information, but I am less confident that it is representative even among math postdocs in the US.) In my department we have one kind of postdoc that pays about $10K per year more than another postdoc is funded by an NSF grant, and the salaries for the latter postdoc are set by the NSF, so will be the same unless / until we get a new grant (or an updated version of the same).

Of all the kinds of academic positions, the postdoc is probably the most variable. The common ground across (almost) all postdoctoral positions is: you should have a doctoral degree when you start the position, and the position should not be permanent or tenure-track. That's really about it.

Of all the kinds of academic positions, the postdoc is probably the most variable. The common ground across (almost) all postdoctoral positions is: you should have a doctoral degree when you start the position, and the position should not be permanent or tenure-track. That's really about it. (Added: I agree with @StrongBad that most postdoctoral positions have an expectation of "advanced training" of one kind or another.)

In terms of salary: in my experience, postdoc salaries are specified at the beginning for the entire length of the job. They do not include annual raises, cost of living increases, and so forth, and it is rather rare to negotiate for them. For instance, in my department our standard (nine month) postdoctoral salary is $45,000. It has been this amount for many years, and the fact that it is not very competitive anymore has not been enough incentive for the administration to change it. We also have another type of postdoc with summer support that can pay $55,000 annually. This latter salary is mandated by a five year NSF grant. It will be the same unless / until we get a new grant (or an updated version of the same).

In terms of salary: in my experience [mathematics, US], postdoc salaries are specified at the beginning for the entire length of the job. They do not include annual raises, cost of living increases, and so forth, and it is rather rare to negotiate for them. For instance, in my department our standard (nine month) postdoctoral salary is $45,000. It has been this amount for many years, and the fact that it is not very competitive anymore has not been enough incentive for the administration to change it. We also have another type of postdoc with summer support that can pay $55,000 annually. This latter salary is mandated by a five year NSF grant. It will be the same unless / until we get a new grant (or an updated version of the same).