How core were your skills or contribution to the research work in question ? If you just contributed something secondary, e.g. statistical analysis for a small-scale social research project, then you could have plausibly asked to be left off the authors' roll. Maybe insist on it since you have reservations on the conclusions published - which should have been run by you even if drafted by others. But if you did say 25% of the core work but still had reservations on the conclusions drawn by others, I think you should have done more than meekly try to shy away from it all. I appreciate the fact that many faculty are kind of dragooned into joint research projects and it's hard to say no if youryou are a young academic. But the university's reputation ultimately stands on its rigorous application of high standards. Though this is often unpopular among a group happy to proceed with an "it'll do" approach, it is vital for your own esteem that you vocally disagree when you really think so.
Looking longer down the road, I suppose prevention is superior to cure. And avoiding - or at least not fully committing - to group dynamics showing a casual approach to research is the best way out of this situation.