I have three suggestions, though the first won't help you most likely.
The most common way to have such a position is to get invited to it. The most common way for that to happen is for you to already have a collaborative relationship with someone there who is interested in working with you more closely that remote communication allows. The way to make that happen requires a long term plan to develop such relationships. So, not much help in the short term.
The second way is to have something to offer to the host institution. This would, perhaps, be something like an interesting project that some faculty member there was interested in. In other words, if you are asking for something then it is good to be able to offer something back. Collaboration can certainly be that thing. This is more possible than the first in the short term.
To make that happen, though, you have to search around for people who are interested in the same thing you are. The authors of papers you use in your research are a good place to start, but (less useful) note that some universities publish lists of faculty that includes their research focus. Large universities in particular will do this, and possibly also links to individual faculty pages. If you can, somehow, find a person who might want to work with you then they might be worth contacting.
But, it might take some time to arrange a slot in the best case.
Third, some universities will advertise for short term appointments if they have a need, but no continuing budget for a regular position. These positions are likely to be paid, but also likely to have some requirements such as teaching an advanced course. That might make it less useful to you.