How to enhance my prospects for a PhD?

Question

I am looking to apply for a PhD in the CS realm in the next cycle, particularly something with an AI flavor like Machine Learning or NLP. I am a bit of an anomaly in CS as I have undergraduate majors in a very different area (one was history...). I am finishing up a Masters focusing in signal processing at a well-renowned school and have a good GPA and top GREs. I was a CS minor undergrad, but started too late into college so I couldn't have gotten the major, although I took the core courses.

Although I finished undergrad with plenty of accolades (and I TAed in CS for 3 semesters), and I have excelled in the engineering courses at the Masters level, I am really concerned about my chances to get into a great PhD program. (There are a number of reasons why I want to pursue PhD, but at the same time, *for me*, the time commitment doesn't feel warranted if I'm not working with great faculty at a great institution.)

I have some research experience (an undergrad honor thesis in my majors--I know it's not exactly related--and I'm a co-author on a couple non-CS papers published in IEEE journals from some summer work), but nothing really in depth I've done on my own. My Masters is a non-thesis program so I've had trouble finding an adviser who'll take me on (I want to do a thesis anyway). I've also had trouble finding (and being accepted) to worthwhile summer research opportunities (academic settings related to my interests). I have actually really enjoyed my previous research opportunities, and I know that for PhD admissions it's research, research, research (and some recs). So here are my questions:

1. How do I find my way into substantive research endeavors?
2. With my eclectic background, how can I rise above the thousands of CS undergrads with plenty of relevant research during the admission process?
3. Any suggestions how to sell my academic background as a positive?

NOTE: Of course I think I'm qualified (every applicant does or else they wouldn't apply). I also think that my unique background is a bonus. I'm concerned that those making hiring/admission decisions will feel differently. (edited since first posting)

Thanks in advance for the advice!

Answer 1

Unless I am mistaken, "next cycle" is half a year from now. There are many ways to enhance one's PhD prospects, but many big ones are no longer available to you due to timing.

Robert Peters in Getting What You Came For cites an ETS study about how important various parts of the PhD application are considered by committees, on a scale from 1 to 5:

• 3.9 Undergrad GPA in major field
• 3.8 Recommendations from faculty known by committee
• 3.7 Undegrad GPA in last 2 years
• 3.6 GRE verbal score
• 3.6 whether undergrad major is related
• 3.5 Undergrad GPA
• 3.0 Educational or career aspirations
• 3.0 Recommendations from faculty unknown by committee
• 3.0 Whether applicant is known to the committee
• 2.9 Academic achievements (papers, projects)
• 2.9 Quality of undergraduate school
• 2.7 Personal statement
• 2.7 Interview
• 2.6 Work experience
• 2.6 GRE analytical score
• 2.5 Non-faculty recommendations
• 2.5 GRE Subject score (related to program)
• 1.9 Other test scores
• 1.9 GRE Subject score (related to undergrad major)
• 1.6 Particular subscores on GRE Subject

You have half a year. Some of these things, like your GPA, obviously cannot be changed. What you can do is:

• Try to publish or present at a conference
• Make sure you don't get low grades from any classes you are taking
• Make sure you get strong recommendations
• Study for the GRE, especially the verbal part
• Make contact with faculty at the programs you think of applying to
• Research thoroughly the programs you are interested in
• Start working on your Statement of Purpose so you have time to edit it

Answer 2

This depends in which country or "world" you live in.

PhD programs and similar are very different around the world.

You have:
- U.S.
- Uk
- Countries like Sweden
- Switzerland
- Central Europe like Germany/Austria
- India
- etc.

Each country has a very different culture in general and a different university culture in turn, and also different resources.

Just one example: in India PhD positions are hard to get, in Germany/Austria there are sometimes 5 applications for a single job, so just by chance it is easy to get a position.

In research in technical disciplines (computer science, electrical engineering), my option is that the most important thing is mathematics. It is the hardest and most gerneral applicable topic. This is also, in my eyes, the most important topic for applied research.

If you don't know mathematics it is hard to do functional programming. You need Category theory to use Monads, Functors, etc., to write programs in functional languages like haskell. There are state of the art programming languages based on Higher Order Logic and others that are based on Martin Löw type theory. Without an excellent mathematical background one is helpless.

If you want to analyze and predict signals in electrical engineering, this is comparably easy if you know how to do harmonic analysis and state of the art statistics.